Hashim (A'mr ul-U'la) bin Imaam ‘Abd al-Manāf

From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf]

Ḥās̲h̲im b. ʿAbd Manāf, great-grand-father of the prophet Muḥammad. As a grandson of Ḳusayy, who had made the tribe of Ḳurays̲h̲ dominant in Mecca and had reorganized the pilgrimage, he held the offices or functions of rifāda and siḳāya, that is, the provision of food and water for the pilgrims. For the first he collected contributions in money or kind from the chief men of Mecca. One year when food was scarce in Mecca, he brought baked cakes or loaves from Syria, and crumbled (has̲h̲ama) these to make broth (t̲h̲arīd) for the pilgrims; after this he was known as Hās̲h̲im, though his proper name was ʿAmr. To improve the water supply he dug several wells. He is credited with the introduction of the system of two trade journeys a year (cf. Ḳurʾān, CVI, 2), presumably by making a journey in summer to Syria. He died on such a journey at G̲h̲azza (Gaza), leaving behind in Medina a son ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib [q.v.] by Salmā bint ʿAmr of the clan of al-Nad̲j̲d̲j̲ār. Hās̲h̲im may have been in his time the leader of the alliance of the Muṭayyabūn or its later developments, from which the descendants of his brothers Nawfal and ʿAbd S̲h̲ams were excluded. Much of this traditional account (though sometimes doubted) has probably a solid basis in fact, but the story of the wager between Hās̲h̲im and Umayya is doubtless an invention reflecting the later dynastic rivalries.

(W. Montgomery Watt)

Bibliography

Ibn His̲h̲ām, 87-9

F. Wüstenfeld, Chroniken der Stadt Mekka, Leipzig 1858-61, iv, 34-8

also i, 67, 134

iii, 47.

Citation Watt, W. Montgomery. " Ḥās̲h̲im b. ʿAbd Manāf." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online , 2013. Reference. Jim Harlow. 11 January 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-isla...>

Hashim ibn Abd Manaf was the great-grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad and was the originator of the Banu Hashim clan of the distinguished Quraish tribe in Mecca.

His real name was Amr, but he was given the nickname Hashim, which translates as pulverizer in Arabic, because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled bread in broth for the pilgrims to the Kaaba in Mecca. According to tradition, he was a descendant of Ishmael and thus Ibrahim. He married Salma bint Amr, a woman of Medina. His grave can be found in the Jannatul Mualla cemetery, Mecca.

Hashim: He was the one responsible for giving food and water to the pilgrims. This had been his charge when the sons of ‘Abd Munaf and those of ‘Abd Ad-Dar compromised on dividing the charges between them. Hashim was wealthy and honest. He was the first to offer the pilgrims sopped bread in broth. His first name was ‘Amr but he was called Hashim because he had been in the practice of crumbling bread (for the pilgrims). He was also the first man who started Quraish’s two journeys of summer and winter. It was reported that he went to Syria as a merchant. In Madinah, he married Salma — the daughter of ‘Amr from Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. He spent some time with her in Madinah then he left for Syria again while she was pregnant. He died in Ghazza in Palestine in 497 A.D. Later, his wife gave birth to ‘Abdul-Muttalib and named him Shaiba for the white hair in his head,[Ibn Hisham 1/137; Rahmat- ul- lil’alameen 1/26,2/24] and brought him up in her father’s house in Madinah. None of his family in Makkah learned of his birth. Hashim had four sons; Asad, Abu Saifi, Nadla and ‘Abdul- Muttalib, and five daughters Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da‘ifa, Ruqyah and Jannah. [Ibn Hisham 1/107]

Source 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_ibn_%27Abd_Manaf

Source 2: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahb_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_al-Man%C4%81f

From Banu Makhzum Tribe.

His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā (Arabic: عمرو العلا‎) but he was given the nickname Hashim which translates as pulverizer in Arabic - because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled bread in broth for the pilgrims to the Ka'aba in Mecca. Another version of the story of this naming is that Hashim comes from the Arabic root Hashm, to save the starving, because he arranged for the feeding of the people of Mecca during a seasonal famine, and he thus became "the man who fed the starving" (Arabic: هشم الجياع‎). ................. Hashim was the foremost man of his day, and demanded that the rights be transferred from the clan of Abd ad-Dar to his clan. Those who supported Hashim and his brothers were the descendants of Zuhrah and Taym ibn Murrah, and all Qusai's descendants except those of the eldest line. The descendants of Makhzum and of the other remoter cousins maintained that the rights should remain in the family of Abd ad-Dar.

Hashim was accepted as the overall leader, with the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims in the Ka’aba precincts, with the support of his brothers 'Abd Shams and Muttalib, and his half-brother Nawfal. The only person who challenged Hashim’s authority was Umayyah, the son of his brother 'Abd Shams, but he had no real support and shifted to live out his life in Syria. Makkah became the acknowledged capital of Arabia, and markets were established around the city to deal with all the business.

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Hashim and 'Abd Shams were conjoined twins born with Hashim's leg attached to his twin brother's head. It was said that they had struggled in the womb seeking to be firstborn. Their birth was remembered for Hashim being born with one of his toes pressed into the younger twin brother's forehead. Legend says that their father, 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, separated his conjoined sons with a sword and that some priests believed that the blood that had flown between them signified wars between their progeny (confrontations did occur between Banu al'Abbas and Banu Ummaya ibn 'Abd Shams in the year 750 AH).The astrologers of Arabia predicted that Abd Munaaf had committed a grave error when he separated both of them by means of a sword. That which he had done was not regarded by them as a good omen.

After his grandfather Qusai ibn Kilab died his father Abd Manaf and his uncle 'Abd ad-Dar apparently quarreled, and the effects of this conflict continued among their descendants and affected the internal Makkah right up to Muhammad's time

• Wilaadat (Birth):
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf