John de Baliol, king of Scots

John and Dervorguilla had issue:

King John I of Scotland, successful competitor for the Crown in 1292

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John de Balliol (c. 1249 – c. 25 November 1314) was elected King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol,_King_of_Scotland

John Balliol (c. 1249 – c. 25 November 1314) was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.

Early life

Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities including Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham.[1] He was the son of John, 5th Baron Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle, and his wife Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon.[2] From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to Lordship over the Gallovidians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as Hitchin, in Hertfordshire.

[edit] Accession as King of Scotland

Following the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, in 1290, John Balliol was a competitor[2] for the Scottish crown in the so called 'Great Cause', as he was a great-great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of the future Robert the Bruce), being senior in genealogical primogeniture but not in proximity of blood. He submitted his claim to the Scottish auditors with King Edward I of England as the arbitrator, at Berwick-upon-Tweed on 6 June 1291.[3] The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292[3], and he was inaugurated accordingly king of Scotland at Scone, 30 November 1292, St. Andrew's Day.[2]

Edward I, who had coerced recognition as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority. he demanded homage to be paid towards himself, legal authority over the Scottish King in any disputes brought against him by his own subjects, contribution towards the costs for the defense of England, and military support was expected in his war against France. He treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state, and repeatedly humiliated the new king. Tiring of their deeply compromised king, the direction of affairs was allegedly taken out of his hands by the leading men of the kingdom, who appointed a council of twelve—in practice, a new panel of Guardians—at Stirling in July 1295. These men were more likely a group of advisors to King John, and they went on to conclude a treaty of mutual assistance with France - the Auld Alliance.

[edit] Abdication

In retaliation Edward I invaded, commencing the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scots were defeated at Dunbar, and the English took Dunbar Castle on 27 April 1296.[3] John abdicated by a Deed signed in Stracathro near Montrose on 10 July 1296.[3] Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty suit)[4].

John was imprisoned in the Tower of London briefly at first, but eventually released in July 1299 and allowed to go to France. When his baggage was examined at Dover the Royal Golden Crown and Seal of the Kingdom of Scotland, with many vessels of gold and silver, and a considerable sum of money, were found in his chests. Edward I ordered that the Crown should be offered to St. Thomas the Martyr, and that the money should be returned to John for the expenses of his journey, but he kept the Seal himself.[5] John was released into the custody of Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain in a papal residence. He was later released around the summer of 1301 and lived the rest of his life on his family's ancestral estates at Hélicourt, Picardy.

However, as his abdication had been obtained under duress, his supporters subsequently argued that he was still the rightful King of Scotland. When the Scots rose in rebellion in 1297 under William Wallace and Andrew de Moray, they claimed that they were acting on behalf of King John. Although rebellions in Scotland continued over the years, this claim looked increasingly tenuous as John's position under nominal house-arrest of the papacy meant that he could not campaign for his release and return to Scotland, despite the Scots' diplomatic attempts in Paris and Rome. After 1302, he made no further attempts to extend his personal support to the Scots. Effectively, Scotland was left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.

[edit] Death

John died around 25 November 1314 at his family's château at Hélicourt in France.[6] On 4 January 1315, King Edward II of England, writing to King Louis X of France, said that he had heard of the death of 'Sir John de Balliol'[7] and requested the fealty and homage of Edward Balliol to be given by proxy.

It is supposed that he was interred in the church of St. Waast at Bailleul-sur-Eaune[7], though this is another man by the name of Jean de Bailleul.

He was survived by his son Edward Balliol, who later revived his family's claim to the Scottish throne, received support from the English, and had some temporary successes.

[edit] Marriage and issue

John married, around 9 February 1281, Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey[2] and Alice de Lusignan. Her maternal grandparents were Hugh X de Lusignan and Isabella of Angoulême, widow of King John of England. He was also the brother-in-law to John Comyn, who was murdered by Robert the Bruce in February 1306, in Dumfries.[dubious – discuss]

John and Isabella had one son:

   * Edward Balliol, Scottish pretender, (d.1364). Married to Marguerite de Taranto, daughter of Philip, prince of Taranto (d. 1332) - annulled or divorced with no issue.

King of the Scots

Reign 17 November 1292 – 10 July 1296

Coronation 30 November 1292, Scone

Predecessor Margaret (disputed)

Successor Robert I

Spouse Isabella de Warenne

Issue

Edward Balliol

House House of Balliol

Father John I de Balliol

Mother Devorguilla of Galloway

Born c.1249

unknown

Died 25 November 1314

Picardy, prob. Hélicourt

Burial prob. Hélicourt

John of Scotland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John de Balliol (c. 1249 – c.25 November 1314) was King of the Scots (1292-1296).

Early life

Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities including Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham.[1] He was the son of Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, by her husband John, 5th Baron de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle.[2] From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to Lordship over the Galwegians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as Hitchin, in Hertfordshire.

[edit]Accession as King of Scotland

Following the death of Margaret of Scotland in 1290, John de Balliol was a competitor[2] for the Scottish crown in the so called 'Great Cause', as he was a great-great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of the future Robert the Bruce), being senior in genealogical primogeniture but not in proximity of blood. He submitted his claim to the Scottish auditors in an election with King Edward I of England as the arbitrator, at Berwick-upon-Tweed on 6 June 1291.[3] The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on November 17, 1292[3] and he was inaugurated accordingly king of Scotland at Scone, 30 November, 1292, St. Andrew's Day.[2]

Edward I, who had coerced recognition as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority. He treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state, and repeatedly humiliated the new king. Tiring of their deeply compromised king, the direction of affairs was allegedly taken out of his hands by the leading men of the kingdom, who appointed a council of twelve - in practice a new panel of Guardians - at Stirling in July 1295. These men were more likely a group of advisors to King John, and they went on to conclude a treaty of mutual assistance with France, which became known as the Auld Alliance.

[edit]Abdication

In retaliation Edward I invaded, commencing the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scots were defeated at Dunbar and the English took Dunbar Castle on April 27, 1296.[3] John abdicated by a Deed signed in Stracathro near Montrose on 10 July 1296.[3] Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty coat).

John was imprisoned in the Tower of London briefly at first, but eventually released in July 1299 and allowed to go to France. When his baggage was examined at Dover the Royal Golden Crown and Seal of the Kingdom of Scotland, with many vessels of gold and silver, and a considerable sum of money, were found in his chests. Edward I ordered that the Crown should be offered to St. Thomas the Martyr, and that the money should be returned to Balliol for the expenses of his journey, but he kept the Seal himself.[4] Balliol was released into the custody of Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain in a papal residence. He was later released around the summer of 1301 and lived the rest of his life on his family's ancestral estates at Hélicourt, Picardy.*

However, as his abdication had been obtained under considerable duress, his supporters subsequently argued that he was still the rightful King of Scotland. When the Scots rose in rebellion in 1297 under William Wallace and Andrew de Moray, they claimed that they were acting on behalf of King John. Although rebellions in Scotland continued over the years, this claim looked increasingly tenuous as John's position under nominal house-arrest of the papacy meant that he could not campaign for his release and return to Scotland, despite the Scots' diplomatic attempts in Paris and Rome. After 1302, he made no further attempts to extend his personal support to the Scots. Effectively, Scotland was left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.

Death

John died around 25 November 1314 at his family's château at Hélicourt in France.[5] On January 4, 1315, King Edward II of England, writing to King Louis X of France, said that he had heard of the death of 'Sir John de Balliol'[6] and requested the fealty and homage of Edward Balliol to be given by proxy.

It is supposed that he was interred in the church of St. Waast at Bailleul-sur-Eaune[6], though this is another man by the name of Jean de Bailleul.

He was survived by his son Edward Balliol, who later revived his family's claim to the Scottish throne, received support from the English, and had some temporary successes.

Marriage and Issue

John married, before February 7, 1281, Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey[2] and Alice de Lusignan. Her maternal grandparents were Hugh X de Lusignan and Isabella of Angouleme, widow of King John I of England.

John and Isabella had one son and perhaps one other son and one daughter:

Edward Balliol, Scottish pretender, (d.1364). Unmarried.

Henry de Balliol. He was killed in the Battle of Annan on December 16, 1332, leaving no issue.[7]

Agnes (or Maud) de Balliol was married to Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan, and feudal Baron of Bedale. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale [8] (1291-1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall.

[edit]References

^ G. P. Stell, "John [John de Balliol] (c.1248x50–1314)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2005 , accessed 25 July 2007.

^ a b c d Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 115

^ a b c d Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 116

^ Foedera, vol.1, part 2, p.909

^ Fordun, Annals: 95

^ a b Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 117

^ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 118

^ Norcliffe of Langton, M.A., Charles Best, editor, The Visitation of Yorkshire, 1563-64 by William Flower, Norroy King of Arms, London, 1881, p. 294 and footnotes

King Of Scots (1292 to 1296)

From Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol,_King_of_Scotland

King of Scots
Reign 17 November 1292 – 10 July 1296 Coronation 30 November 1292, Scone Predecessor Margaret (disputed) Successor Robert I

Spouse Isabella de Warenne Issue Edward Balliol House House of Balliol Father John I de Balliol Mother Devorguilla of Galloway Born c. 1249 unknown Died 25 November 1314 Picardy, prob. Hélicourt Burial prob. Hélicourt Religion Roman Catholicism

John Balliol (c. 1249 – 25 November 1314), known to the Scots as Toom Tabard ("empty suit"), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.

Early life

Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham.[1] He was the son of John, 5th Baron Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle, and his wife Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon.[2] From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to Lordship over the Gallovidians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as Hitchin, in Hertfordshire.

Accession as King of Scotland

In 1284 Balliol had attended a parliament at Scone, which had recognised Margaret, Maid of Norway as heiress to King Alexander.[3] Following the death of the Princess Margaret, in 1290, John Balliol was a competitor for the Scottish crown in the so called 'Great Cause',[2] as he was a great-great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of the future Robert the Bruce), being senior in genealogical primogeniture but not in proximity of blood. He submitted his claim to the Scottish auditors with King Edward I of England as the arbitrator, at Berwick-upon-Tweed on 6 June 1291.[4] The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292,[4] and he was inaugurated accordingly King of Scotland at Scone, 30 November 1292, St. Andrew's Day.[2]

Edward I, who had coerced recognition as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority. He demanded homage to be paid towards himself, legal authority over the Scottish King in any disputes brought against him by his own subjects, contribution towards the costs for the defence of England, and military support was expected in his war against France. He treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state and repeatedly humiliated the new king. Tiring of their deeply compromised king, the direction of affairs was allegedly taken out of his hands by the leading men of the kingdom, who appointed a council of twelve—in practice, a new panel of Guardians—at Stirling in July 1295. These men were more likely a group of advisors to King John; they went on to conclude a treaty of mutual assistance with France - known in later years as the Auld Alliance.

Abdication In retaliation Edward I invaded, commencing the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scots were defeated at Dunbar and the English took Dunbar Castle on 27 April 1296.[4] John abdicated at Stracathro near Montrose on 10 July 1296.[4] Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty suit).[5]

John was imprisoned in the Tower of London until allowed to go to France in July 1299. When his baggage was examined at Dover, the Royal Golden Crown and Seal of the Kingdom of Scotland, with many vessels of gold and silver, and a considerable sum of money, were found in his chests. Edward I ordered that the Crown should be offered to St. Thomas the Martyr and that the money should be returned to John for the expenses of his journey. But he kept the Seal himself.[6] John was released into the custody of Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain at a papal residence. He was released around the summer of 1301 and lived the rest of his life on his family's ancestral estates at Hélicourt, Picardy.

Over the next few years, there were several Scottish rebellions against Edward (for example, in 1297 under William Wallace and Andrew de Moray). The rebels would use the name of "King John", on the grounds that his abdication had been under duress and therefore invalid. This claim came to look increasingly tenuous, as John's position under nominal house-arrest meant that he could not return to Scotland nor campaign for his release, despite the Scots' diplomatic attempts in Paris and Rome. After 1302, he made no further attempts to extend his personal support to the Scots. Effectively, Scotland was left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.

Death John died around 25 November 1314 at his family's château at Hélicourt in France.[7] On 4 January 1315, King Edward II of England, writing to King Louis X of France, said that he had heard of the death of 'Sir John de Balliol'[8] and requested the fealty and homage of Edward Balliol to be given by proxy.

A John de Bailleul is interred in the church of St. Waast at Bailleul-sur-Eaune.[8] This may or may not be the Scottish King.

John was survived by his son Edward Balliol, who later revived his family's claim to the Scottish throne, received support from the English, and had some temporary successes.

Marriage and issue

John Balliol and his wife.John married, around 9 February 1281, Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey[2]. Her mother Alice de Lusignan was daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan by Isabella of Angoulême, widow of King John of England, making Isabella niece, in the half-blood, of Henry III of England. John was also the brother-in-law to John Comyn, who was murdered by Robert the Bruce in February 1306, in Dumfries.[dubious – discuss]

It has been established that John and Isabella had at least one child:

Edward Balliol, Scottish pretender, (d.1364). Married to Marguerite de Taranto, daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto (d. 1332) - annulled or divorced with no issue. However, other children have been linked to the couple as other possible issue:

Henry de Balliol. He was killed in the Battle of Annan on 16 December 1332, leaving no issue.[9] Agnes (or Maud or Anne) de Balliol was married to Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan, and feudal Baron of Bedale. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale (1291–1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall. Margaret Balliol. Died unmarried.

Fictional portrayals John Balliol has been the subject of a theatrical play:[10]

John Balliol, An Historical Drama. In Five Acts (1825) by William Tennant. John is depicted as "a weak leader", influenced by his mother Dervorguilla of Galloway, while his rival Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale is depicted as a "noble hero". But John is the one whose crowning is honoured by "ten thousand nobles". The play has several supernatural elements, such as a seer, omens and even references to ghosts. Valentina Bold points out that there are many similarities to The Royal Jubilee (1822) by James Hogg.[10]

Ancestry ]Ancestors of John Balliol

 8. Eustace de Balliol   

4. Hugh de Balliol
9. Ada de Fontaines
2. John, 5th Baron de Balliol
10. Aleaume de Fontaines
5. Cecilia de Fontaines
11. Laurette de St.Valérie
1. John of Scotland
24. Uchtred, Lord of Galloway
12. Lochlann, Lord of Galloway
25. Gunnild of Dunbar
6. Alan, Lord of Galloway
26. Richard de Morville
13. Elena de Morville
27. Avice de Lancaster
3. Dervorguilla of Galloway
28. Henry of Scotland
14. David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
29. Ada de Warenne
7. Margaret of Huntingdon
30. Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester
15. Maud of Chester
31. Bertrade de Montfort of Évreux
References Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Baliol, John de.

See also: Beam, Amanda (2008). The Balliol Dynasty, 1210-1364. Edinburgh: John Donald. 1.^ G. P. Stell, "John [John de Balliol] (c.1248x50–1314)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2005 , accessed 25 July 2007. 2.^ a b c d Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 115 3.^ Foedera, p 228 4.^ a b c d Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 116 5.^ This nickname is usually understood to mean "empty coat", but this is disputed. 6.^ Foedera, vol.1, part 2, p.909 7.^ Fordun, Annals: 95 8.^ a b Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 117 9.^ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 118 10.^ a b Bold (2007), p. 239

Sources Bold, Valentina (2007), James Hogg: a bard of nature's making, Peter Lang, ISBN 9783039108978, http://books.google.gr/books?id=Zp3J3_1DhcIC&printsec=frontcover&so... Rymer, Thomas,Foedera Conventiones, Literae et cuiuscunque generis Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae. London. 1745. (Latin) [1] John Balliol House of Balliol Born: ? c. 1249 Died: November 1314 Regnal titles Preceded by Margaret King of Scots 1292–1296 Succeeded by Robert I Titles in pretence Preceded by - — TITULAR — King of the Scots 1296–1314 Reason for succession failure: First War of Scottish Independence

John II de Balliol, King of the Scots was born on 1249 in Barnard Castle, Teesdale, Durham, England to Sir John I de Balliol, 5th Baron of Balliol and Devorguilla of Galloway. John married Isabella De Warren on February 7, 1280/81 and had 5 children: Edward de Balliol, King of the Scots, Henry de Balliol, Margaret de Balliol, Anne de Balliol, and Agnes Maud de Balliol. He passed away on November 25, 1314 in Helicourt, Alsace, France and is buried in the Church of St. Waast, Bailleul~sur~Therain, Oise, France.

John II de Balliol, King of the Scots is my 25th great uncle.

Source:

• 1. [http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=gonefishi...]
• 2. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol]

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol

https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffamil00scot#page/254/mode/2up...

https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffamil00scot#page/86/mode/2up/...

https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffamil00scot#page/88/mode/2up/...

Source: Family Name URL: https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffamil00scot/memorialsoffamil0... Confidence: Direct and primary evidence Citation text: THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY OF SCOTT OF SCOTS HALL. 1 7 and exile of the heads of the house of Baliol, and of his heirs and dependants (William Baliol le Scot alone excepted) ; and, at length, a change of name from Baliol to le Scot on the part of the survivors.'^' This was in accordance with an almost universal prac- tice of those times when treason was the highest crime known to the law ; the object being to avoid not only the penalties but also the civil and social disabilities which attached to any one bearing an outlawed or proscribed name. also see http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ncscotts/Scott%20Genealogy... Source: Marriage URL: https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffamil00scot#page/42/mode/2up Confidence: Direct and primary evidence Citation text: see page 43 for Marriage date of William Baliol le Scott wife's name unknown Source: WikiTree URL: https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10109/wikitree?itemI... Confidence: Direct and primary evidence Citation text: Sir William de Balliol (born Balliol) Gender: Male Birth: Circa 1251 - Bernard Castle, Gainford, Durham, England Death: 1313 - Canterbury, Kent, England Father: Sir John de Balliol (born Balliol), Knt Mother: Dervorguille de Balliol (born Galloway) Siblings: Eleanor Comyn (born Balliol)Isabella Balliol (born Baliol)John of Scotland (born Balliol)Lady Euphemia Ross (born Balliol)Maud Fitzalan (born Balliol)Cecily de Burgh (born Balliol)Sir Alexander de Balliol (born Balliol)Margaret de Balliol (born Balliol)Hugh de Balliol (born Balliol)Ada Lindsay (born Balliol)Alan de Balliol (born Balliol) Biography (Edit)

THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY OF SCOTT OF SCOTS HALL. 1 7

and exile of the heads of the house of BaHol, and of his heirs and dependants (William Baliol le Scot alone excepted) ; and, at length, a change of name from Baliol to le Scot on the part of the survivors.'^' This was in accordance with an almost universal prac- tice of those times when treason was the highest crime known to the law ; the object being to avoid not only the penalties but also the civil and social disabilities which attached to any one bearing an outlawed or proscribed name.

• Reference: TNG Genealogy - SmartCopy: Mar 4 2017, 7:20:15 UTC